Pneumatic hammer.



H. SUHUMACHBR. PNBUMATIG HAMMER.' APPLICATXN FILED JUNE 30; 1910.

Patented July 4, `1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H., SGHUMACHER.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNBso, 1910 996,889e Patented July 4,1911. 2 SHBBTS-SHEBT 2,

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rimniaarro iiAivIi/mn.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 4, 15.911.

Application vfiled June 30, 1910. Serial No. 569,674.

To all yankora 'fit .mavyrconcerm Beit knowinthat I, HENRY SUHUMACHER, a citizen .ofI the AUnited States, residing in the cityand`lcounty; of Deliver and State of Coloi'ado',-zhave@invented 'certain new and usefulinprovements in Pneumatic Hammers,Lan-'dido declare the following to be a full,iiclear,f.and; exact description of the invention, lsuch as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to imake and use the same,zreference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and kgures of `reference marked thereon, which form. apart of ,this specication.

.lilys'invcntion relates to improvements in pneumatichamniers, my objet being to providea construction of this cl 's which shall be simpler-in construction, durable and economical.l

ln -`myimproved construction, the hammer reciprocates in an'inner casing or sleeve which constitutes the. valve. This valve reciprocates in'ja cylinder provided with portions-of itsinner cylinder out away to lessen the surface contact of the valve with the cylinder, thus reducing to a minimum frictional contact of .the valve with the cylindeig'and forming .what is termed a balanced valve sleeve. The out away portions of the cylinder Aformchambers between the inner,

of motiveiiuid, whereby a lubricant for lu-,

brieatingthe parts of the device may` be convey-ed; into the said chambers with the mot-ive fluid. Shortly before the hammer reaches theilimit of its stroke in either directioii','provision is made for shifting the mov .al leivalve, whereby the live motive fluid vis cut otff-fromthe cylinder upon one side of the hammer, and caused to enter the same on the opposite side for producing the returiiinovement. One extremity of the valve is open: and the opposite extremity is enlarge-d and-'adapted to fit within a corre-- vnal sectional Vview of my improved pneu! mat-ic hammer. Fig. 2 is a cross sectionv taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a .cross section taken on the line -3-,3 of, vFig. 1. Fig. l is a cross section taken on the line .Ll-r of Fig. 1. Fig. is an end view of the hammer cylinder taken in the direction of arrow A in F ig. 7, with the tappet and retaining cap removed. Fig. 6 is an i`nner face view of the cap for retaining the tappet in position. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus showing the handle broken away. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional viewof the hammer cyl-` inder showing the valve removed. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view ofthe valve. Fig. 10 is an end view of the valve.

VThe same reference characters represent the same parts in all the views.

Let the numeral 5 designate ahollow cy` lindrical body portion of the tool provided witha threaded portion 6, adapted to enter a threaded socket 7 formed in the forward part of a handle member S. The rear extremity of the hollow cylindrical body inember is closed by a head 9, whose rear face engages the bottom of the socket 7 while its inner face is shouldered'or offset as shown at 10, the offset member entering the rear extremity of the body of the cylinder. This cylinder is hollow and provided with a cylindrical chamber 12, in which is located a balanced valve sleeve 13, whose rear extremity is closed by an enlarged head '14, its forward extremity being open.

lVithin the'balanced valve sleeve is located a hammer 15, which is mounted to reciprocate therewith. W'hen this hammer reaches the limit of its forward stroke it -engages the rear end of a tappet 16 having an enlarged cylinder, thus preventing the tappet and the cylinder from becoming heated in setting hot rivets. i

The rear extremity of the cylinder is provided with exhaust ports 22 communicating with a circumferential groove 23 located in the socket portion 7 of theihammermember 8. This circumferential groove 23 communicanes with a prt't24 which open to vthe atrriephere .v The cylinder is also provided with induction Apassages and 26 respectively.` The passagev 25 passes through the flange Vof the head .9. and communicates with a circumferential groove27 formed in 'the' hammer member/in therear o'f the head 9. The induction passages 25 and 26 together withpthe circumferential groove 27, are in 13 communication with an induction passage 28 formed in the? handle member and-communicating with'fa chamber 29, 'also formed in' the handle memben and in which is lo# cated ayalve 30 alcted upon lby a coil spring 31,l whereby the flalve'r is normally held in position to shut off the air or the motive fluid. Surrounding the spring 31 is a sleeve i 32 which forms asuitable casing'and seat for the4 spring.` y.'lhissleeve is held inp'osition in thechamber 29 by means ofa collar 33 threaded inl thechamber. and adapted to abutagainst t he Sleeve 32. This collar 33 is also 'interiorly threaded so that the extremity of afiuid conduit leading from, a source of supply may be connected therewith. The valve 29 is provided with a stem 34, one ex'- tremity of which protrudes into a recess 35 formed in the handle member. l P;ivotedin the recess35 is a pawl 36 engaging the eX- tremity of the stem '34.. This pa'wl 36 pro i trudes beyond the recess and is provided f with a thumb-engaging portion 37 conveniently located, to be pressed by the hand of the user of the tool, for .thepurpose-of pressing the valve stem forwardly for opening 4the valve to allow the motivefluid to enter the passage 28. Portions of the inner surface of the cylinder 5 are rcut-awayto lessen the surface Contact ofthe valve sleeve with the' wall of the cylinder, and toform lubricant chainbers 38 entirely surrounding the valve sleeve.

These chambers communicate with the inductionpassage 25 by 'means of ports 39,

I whereby lubricantmay-be conveyed with the motive fluid into the' said chambers, thus all parts ofl thenvalve sleeve may b e constantly lubricated '.durin'gv the operation of the device. f l

The valvesleeve 13 is provided 4withports designated 40,41, 42 and 43. The ports 42 and 43v are located within the enlarged ex-v tremityof the valve sleeve 13.

" When the hammer, 1s at its forward limit i ment to the hammer.' @Forward ofthe shoul-y der 45, the hammer is provided witha reduced 'portion 46`iwhich comes in direct contact As the-hammer moves vith the tappet 16. rearwardly t e motive fluid in the rear p0rtion of the hammer chamber exhausts through the port 42 of the valve sleeve to the circumferential. groove 23 formed in the socketportion of the vhandle 9. `Before the hammer reaches its rearward limit of movement, andvafter it has passed the port 41 vof the. valve-sleeve, the air cushions between the hammer and the rear head of the valve sleeve,whereby the latter is caused to move `rearwardly until the head ofthe sleeve engages-the inner surface of the head 9 of the cylinder. In the meantime the '.motive Huid y in the rear ofthe head 14 of the valve sleeve has leaked out` into. the circumferential groove 23 of the socket'portion of the hand le member 8,- through relatively small motive fluid passages. 47 formed in the wall of the sleeve and the inner extremity of the en-A larged portion`14 and leading tothe circum-y ferential groove 23. After the valve sleeve together with the hammer. has reached its rearward limit of movement, the motive fluid enters a circumferential groove 48, J formed in the wall' of the cylinder, communicating with -a port 43 formed in the valve sleeve. At this time'the exhaust is cut off, since the port 42 ofthe sleeve is out of register with the circumferential groove 23 of the socket portion of the vhandle member. The motive fluid now enters the valve sleeve in the rear of the hammer from the passage 26 througha port y3 .formed/in the wall of the. cylinder, to a circumferential groove 48 and the ,port43 of the valve sleeve, for the purpose of moving the hammer forwardly. It' might be stated here that the upper por-y tion of the hammerlG is rounded as shown at 49, whereby the motive fluid enters between the hammer and the extremity of the valve sleeve, thusl forming a wedge-lile aci tion against the hammer to force the same -away from'- engagement with the head of the valve sleeve. As the hammer 15 moves forwardly, it uncovers the port41 formed in the valve sleeve and communicating with a circumferential groove 50 formed in the wallvof-the cylinder. From the groove 50 a passage 51 leads rearwardly and communicates with a port 52 leading to a space p53' formed back ofthe enlarged head 14 of the valve sleeve between the head 9 of the cylinder chamber, hence the-motive fluid is after the hammer 15 has opened the port 41, thus causing the valve sleeve to beshifted position shown in Fig. 1.

The upper surface of portion'14 of the valve 13 'is convex as shown at 54, whereby ,a sufficient space is of the cylinder when thevalve sleeve'is at tive fluid to enter between the rear end of the valve sleeve and the en d of the cylinder,

from its'position shown in Fig. 7 tothe the enlarged head allowed to pass to the rear of the valve sleeve left between the enlarged .head anldfjfth'e end the rear end of its travel, .to` permit the inober forward of' the hammer, whereby the lattermis causedfto move. rearwardly, thus maintaining Vthe proper reciprocating movementlof `the hammer and the valve sleeve. As soon as the valve sleeve is moved forwardly its enlarged head 14C moves'to a position tocu't oil communication between the live motive fluid" and the hammer chamber in there'ar'of the hammer and at the same time the valve sleeve is in position to allow the motive iiuid in the rear of the` hammer to enhaust through the port 42 to a circumferential groove 5,5 formed inthe wall of the cylinderf, thence through the ports Q2 to thc circumferential groove 23 formed in the .socket portion 7 of the handle member 8,

from whence it passes through the exhaust portQel.

lVhen the valve sleeve has reached its rearward limit of movement, the induction port 40 of the valve sleeve is moved out of register or communication with the live vfluid passage Q5, whereby the live motive fluid is cut off Afrom the hammer chamber Iin front of the` hammerf This rearward movement of the valve sleeve uncloses ports Q1 formed inthe forward extremity of thecylinder and communicating with the passages 20, whereby the motive fluid within the chamber in front ofthehammer is allowed to exhaustatthe forward extremityof the cylinder.

The forward extremity of the cylinder is provided with a cap 57 having an inwardly projecting flange 58 adapted'to fit within an eXteriorly located circumferential groove 59 of the cylinder. This cap is slotted from its upper edge downwardly as shown at G0, thus making the cap resilientand forming escape passages for the motive tluid passing` through the passages 20.

From the foregoing description the eration of my improved pneumatic haunner will be readily understood. Referring to Fig. l of the drawing vand assuuung that all of the parts are in the position show i therein, the user of the hammer, by pro-:sing the thumb on the pawl 36, the valve 150 will be forced outwardly to allow the motive fluid to enter through the passage 28, circumferential. passage Q7 and induction passage Q5 and thence through the port 4 to the hammer chamber forward of the shoulder on the hammer, whereby the motive fluid acting on the hammer drives the hammer rearwardly, and when it has nearly reached its rearward limit of movement the air cushions between A vthe rear end of the hammer and the head of tial groovY 23 and exhaust port thevalve rearwa rd l y cylinder,v tL leaked oui Y valve sleeve l the head ot tliroiu'fh the .,latively small passag the circenufercntial grorwc haust ports 22 of the cylinder chauiher a circumferen- 2l. lecon as this occurs the motive 'tial l allowed to enter' the hammer chamber rom the circumferential groote throw i the port il of the cylinder and the port -l of the valve sleeve. the motive fluid then acts` on the convex'extrenntpv #i9 of the hamuua' to drive thc latter forwardly. After the hammer has uncovered the port al during its fori-vard.

5l and the port This motive fluid ac ng on the convex portion of the. valve sleeve head 'lli causes the latter to nuwe forwardly with the hammer, whereby the live motive fluid is cut oli' from the hammer 'chaining in the rearof the lnu'nmer, and the air in f-ad Chamber in the rear ol' the hammer allowed to exhaust through the ports l2 oi the Valve, circun'ifercntial groove 55 of the cyliud ports 9:2, circum'i rcutlal groove socket portion of handle c thence through the el atmosphere. After munication is; open fluid and the hazmi the hammer to and' the operations a.; repeated.

While Yl have desc f specific construction ot meumulic u it is understood that the .sfuuc may be c structed in modilimstioos without depara from. the spia't he invt 'i '7 without the o: the ciai:

Hariri l my l I claim l. In a pur-u tion with a and exhaust mounted ha ving i i, @our motivi in ut rcamnu'illj,

l iii" ,ittl f wardly aud fo u'a inner wall of the ot' its suriukel cut awa?. portiens formino chauuu bers connnuui passages, wluirel ai the said chamm-sl substantially as den 2, A pncuuiatic han.I n f hollow cylinder haring inletL passages and a valve sleeve an the hollow of the cylii'ider und and 4exhaust passa-*ges cooperating with the inlet and exhaust .passages ofthe cylinder,

a hammer mounted to reciprocate in the A is conveyed into the said chambers with the motive fluid, substantially as described.

3.. In a pneumatic hammer, the combination with a hollow cylinder, of a valve sleeve mounted within the hollow of the cylinder, a hammer mounted to reciprocate within the valve sleeve, the cylinder having inlet and exhaust passages, the valve sleeve having co-` operating inlet and exhaust passages, the

valve sleeve being arranged to. admit motive V- luidvrearwardlyand forwardly of the hamadmit fluid rearwardly and forwardly of the 'mer,. the inner wall of the cylinder having portions thereof eut away adjacent the valve sleeve to lessen thesurface contact of the jvalve sleeve with'the cylinder, the said .Cut

away portions being in communication vwith one of. the inlet passages of the '.eyli nder, whereby lubricant may be conveyed to the said cut away portions with the motive fluid, for the purpose set forth/ 4. In a pneun'aatic hammer, tion with a hollow cylinder, of a valve sleeve mounted in the/'hollow of the cylinder, a

hammer mounted to reciprocate in the sleeve,

the cylinder and valve sleeve having cooperating inlet and exhaust passages', the valve :sleeve being arranged to alternately hammer, the inner'wall of the cylinder having portions cut away adjacent the valve sleeve, the said cut awayv portions forming lubricant chambers, and means for introducing lubricant to the said chambers simultaneously withl the induction ofthe m'othe `combinative fluid for operating the hammer, sub- 4 stantially as described.

5. In a .pneumatic hammer, the combination lwith a hollow cylinder, of a valve sleeve mounted in the hollow of the cylinder, a hammer mounted to reciprocate in the sleeve,

hammer, the valve slee-ve being arranged to alternately admit iuid rearwardlyand'for- -wardly of the hammer, lubricant chambers being formed between the valve sleeve land vmeans for admitting fluid to Iactuate the l the cylinder, and means for introducing lubricant into the said chambers with the inductionof the motivel fluid for operating thehammer, substantially as described. 6. Ina pneumatic ham-mer, the combination'with a hollow cylinder, of a valve sleeve mounted in 'the hollow. of the cylinder, a

hammer mounted to reciprocate in the sleeve, 6b

the cylinderyand. valve sleeve having cooperating inlet and exhaust passages, the valve 'sleeve being arranged to alternately admit fluid' rearwardly and'l forwardlypf the hammer,` lubricant chambers being' formed between the valve sleeve and the cylinder, and means orintroducinglubricant i-nto thesaid chambers 'with the induction of the motive iuid, substantiallyl asdescribed.

" 7 A pneumatic hammer comprising a hollow cylinder, and a reciprocable valve sleeve mounted therein, the innerwall of the cylinder-f having portions cut away adjacent the valve sleeve, the said cut away portions forming lubricant chambers, meansv for introducing flu-id for loperating the hammer, and means whereby lubricant is lintroduced into the said chambers simultaneously with the induction of the motive iiuid for 'operating the hammer, substantially as described.

- In testimony whereof I aiix my' -signature in presence of two witnesses. i 'HENRY SCHUMACHER'.

Witnesses JNO. Gr. POWELL, HoR'rENsE UHLRICH. 

